Rock And Rain

We use the present perfect for actions which happened in the past at an unspecified time. We don't mention when exactly. However, the results of these actions are obvious in the present . thus,the present perfect is used :

1 -To talk about experiences:

               ex :    Have you ever eaten snails?

2 -To talk about changes(between past and present):

                ex: The percentage of homeless people has increased.

3 - to give news:

                ex: I've lost my keys  - can I borrow yours?

The present perfect is often used with indefinite adverbials such as: ever, never, before, so far, recently, just, yet, for.......

Ever is used in questions :

             ex: Have you ever played baseball?

Never is used in affirmative sentences and gives a negative meaning.

              ex:I've never played baseball, but I've played football many times before.

We use the present perfect with for, since , and how long for actions that started in the past and continue up to the present.

For     +     period   :  for  24 hours / For four days / for a long time / for ten years....

Since     +       begining of a period   :  Since yesterday / since Monday / since we got married.

Form of the present perfect

Have         +         past participle                            I                                                                                                               I     in the simple present                                                                                                        of the main verb

       NB : The past participle of regular verbs is the same as the past simple (verb + ed)

                     Irregular verbs form the past participle in a different way (see the list below)

The verb to work (present perfect)

Affirmative	Negative	Questions
I have worked (I 've worked)	I have not worked (I haven't worked )	have I worked ?
you have worked (you' ve worked )	you have not worked(you haven't worked )	have you worked ?
he has worked (he 's worked )	he has not worked (he hasn't worked )	has he worked ?
she has worked (she 's worked )	she has not worked (she hasn't worked)	has she worked ?
It has worked ( it' s worked )	it has not worked (it hasn't worked )	has it worked ?
we have worked (we 've worked)	we have not worked (we haven't worked)	have we worked ?
you have worked (you 've worked)	you have not worked (you haven't worked)	have you worked ?
they have worked (they 've worked)	they have not worked (they haven't worked)	have they worked?

Irregular verbs

Infinitive	past simple	past participle
be	was/were	been
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
bite	bit	bitten
break	broke	broken
bring	brought	brought
build	built	built
burn	burnt	burnt
buy	bought	bought
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
fly	flew	flown
fall	fell	fallen
feel	felt	felt
forget	forgot	forgotten
get	got	got
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grow	grew	grown
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt
keep	kept	kept
know	knew	known
learn	learnt	learnt
leave	left	left
let	let	let
lie	lay	lain
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
pay	paid	paid
put	put	put
read	read	read
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
shine	shone	shone
shoot	shot	shot
show	showed	shown
sing	sang	sung
sit	sat	sat
sleep	slept	slept
speak	spoke	spoken
spend	spent	spent
stand	stood	stood
steal	stole	stolen
swim	swam	swum
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
throw	threw	thrown
understand	understood	understood
wake	woke	woken
wear	wore	worn
win	won	won
write	wrote	written

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