Rock And Rainanglais |
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14Reported speech 1-Reporting the exact words people use: When we report what someone said in the past ,pronouns change and the verb forms often move one tense into the past:
ex: "I love you". → He said (that) he loved her. 2. we change the tense if the reporting verb is in the past: ex : "I'm hungry". → He said he was hungry. Verb forms change in the following way:
*This frequently does not change in reported speech. Notice that if the reporting verb is in the present tense, then there is no tense change ex: Mum says I can borrow the car tonight We do not change the tense if we report something that is still true when we report it: ex: "John and Mary are married". →She said that John and May are married. 3- We change some time and place expressions..:
2-Reported questions When reporting a question the verbs change in the same way as in the case of the statement. We use ask or want to know as a reporting verb When the direct question begins with a question word: when, where, how... we keep the same question word and the same word order but we drop the question mark(of course). ex: "Where do you live?" → She asked me where I lived. "How old are you?". → he wanted to know how old I was. If there is no question word, we add if or whether. ex: "Are you Moroccan?. → She asked me if I was Moroccan. or She asked me whether I was Moroccan. 3-Verbs which summarise what people say: There is a large number of verbs which summarise what people say, without reporting every word. ex: "please, please let me go". → He begged them to let him go. With some verbs several constructions are possible. Here are some of the most important ones: 1- Verb + that deny He denied that he had done anything illegal. agree We agreed that we would meet again soon. (Alsi : decide, conclude, threaten, complain, imply.) 2- Verb + object + that warn We warned you that the building was dangerous (Also: promise, persuade, assure.) 3- Verb + gerund suggest Jonny suggested meeting for a coffee first. deny He denied seeing her on the evening of the murder. 4- Verb + preposition + gerund insist The children insisted on coming with us. 5- Verb + object + preposition + gerund accuse You accused me of lying. (Also: blame, congratulate.) 6- Verb + infinitive refuse She refused to tell me where she had been. (Also : offer, promise, decide, agree, threaten.) 7- Verb + object +infinitive Order The police ordered them to put up their hands. Warn Her parents warned her not to speak to strangers (Also: persuade, urge.)
Practice - I couldn’t go into the house because I had lost my key. - I wrote to him the day before yesterday i wonder why he hasn’t rung up. - if it trains this afternoun ; it will be too wet to play the match tomorrow. - « I found an old roman coin in the garden yesterday » he said , « and I am going to take it to the museum this afternoon » - why are you looking through the keyhole ? - who put salt in my coffee ? - if I press my ear against the wall ; I can hear what the people in the next flat are saying. - can you read the last line on the blackboard ? - whose car did you borrow last night ? - I said : « we will get some later ? » - he said : «I’m ill ; I can’t go with you today. » - she said : « I was here two days ago » - « Here’s five dirhams.go and get yourself an ice-cream » - « please ; please do as I say » - « Miss brown ; this is Miss white .Miss white this is Miss brown » - « Hurray ; I have passed my exam !» , he cried « congratulations » I said. - « Welcome home ; my dear » said the wife . - « Wait a minute, will you ? » Report the following statements as suggested and make any necessary changes : - « We must have the courage to say that we have almost done nothing to help the poor countries » The heads of states admitted……………………………………………………………. - « we think I t was your fault. You shoulden’t have allowed your daughter to go out alone at night » They blamed him…………………………………………………………………… - « I have done a lot of wrong in my life » the woman said to herself. The woman regretted……………………………………………………………… - « The anti-war campaign was a total failure » one of the organisers said. One of the organisers confessed …………………………………………………. - « You’d better cut down on fatty food ! » the doctor told the patient. The patient was advised…………………………………………………………… - « He’s honest , hard-working ; and open-minded. » the villagers said The villagers described their deputy……………………………………………… - « I managed to get through the customs without a visa and a passport . » he said The illegal immigrant revealed……………………………………………………… - « Elguerrouj runs like a deer » journalist used to write Journalists used to compare………………………………………………………….. - « Would you like me to help you prepare you speech ? » Linda said to him Linda offered ………………………………………………………………………… - « No,.no. I didn’t rob that bank.It wasn’t me » The accused man said to the judge. The accused man denied……………………………………………………………. - « Please ; please come and stay with us for the weekend ! »The girl said on the phone The girl begged her grandmother………………………………………………………. - « How about building a charity center for the homeless ? »The city Mayor said The city Mayor suggested…………………………………………………………… - « I am having a birthday party tomorrow . I’d be glad if you could attent » Halima said to Linda Halima invited ……………………………………………………………. - « you are here because you’ve been caught throwing garbage in the street » said the police officer. The police officer accused the man …………………………………………………….. - « I can’t attend the opening ceremony. I’m so sorry » The guest speaker said on the phone. The guest speaker apologized…………………………………………………………… - « Don’t be late for work orI’ll get angry » The boss said to his secretary. The boss warned………………………………………………………………………… - « No. I won’t let you in . It’s against the regulations » The security guard said to the boy. The security guard refused………………………………………………………………. - « Take a long holiday . It’ll do you a lot of good » The manager said to his asistant. The manager recommended……………………………………………………………. - « I want you all to work as a team » The teacher kept repeating to the class. The teacher insisted…………………………………………………………………….. - « I won’t tell your father about the damage you caused to my car ; I promise » He said to me. He promised………………………………………………………………………………..
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